Modern India I.P.C

Social liability in India can be defined as an integral part of Indian Penal Code (IPC): Illiteracy, Poverty, and Corruption (I-P-C). Interestingly, although there is an explicit ‘punishment’ for every criminal activity under the IPC: murder, rape or even common burglaries, there is no written cure for I-P-C. Is it something that is incurable? Then why have these factors received serious attention from development economists over the past several decades? Or is it something that we take as granted in India – one of the fastest growing countries in the world? The fact is, the more we take them as granted, the larger will be our inability to think scientifically about these issues.

The cure that I can think will simultaneously reduce I-P-C for any developing country is: ‘Education’. Education comes in three forms: subjective literacy, moral education and self-consciousness. The first step is subjective literacy – the knowledge that can help a country to achieve higher economic growth in the long run. Simple macroeconomics tells us that higher average years of schooling will increase the number of students pursuing tertiary education and this in turn will improve the number of skilled labors in the economy. The net effect is simple: higher skilled labors will generate greater pool of labor force in Research and Development (R&D) and in turn will produce higher rate of innovations and technological progress. The net result is higher economic growth.

The final form of education is self-consciousness. In this form of education, one realizes that he or she has an identity in this world, and also that one can play an important role by contributing positively to the society. However small the role may be, it is still likely to be significant. It is hard to find a formal institution that provides the knowledge of self-consciousness. However, this is knowledge that heavily depends on the other two forms of education. The fulfillment of education lies in this form. 

Many of us complete the first form of education with flying colors, a few pass the second form to some extent, and only few lucky ones reach the third form of self-consciousness. It is in this stage when one shares one’s beliefs with others and finds a way to contribute to the society to make it a better place to live in: an economy achieving both growth and development. 

It is our responsibility to educate people in all three forms. Each of our examples will lead others to pay the virtue forward. Collectively, all our contributions will help India become developed, both economically and morally. These are the questions one must find answers to: is one contributing anything other than tax money to his or her nation? Is one’s identity worth remembering? It is only by answering these questions we can eliminate illiteracy, poverty and corruption (I-P-C). 

The next form of education is moral – the power of knowledge that helps one distinguish between right and wrong, rational and irrational and to achieve ‘growth with development’. However, moral education becomes more effective only when one has some degree of subjective literacy. The lack of moral education creates superstitions, blind beliefs and other kinds of irrational behavior in our daily lives, which has both political and social ramifications. How can we achieve moral education? Indeed, here the learning in early childhood becomes important. The environment of one’s schooling, the role played by one’s family, and finally, the society we live in. This process is self-emerging. Once you find yourself in the middle of a society where everyone else is progressing, you will have an automatic incentive to catch-up. 

                                                                              

Babu Jagjivan Ram in 1950
Deputy Prime Minister of India
In office 24 March 1977 – 28 July 1979 Serving with Charan Singh
Prime Minister	Morarji Desai
Preceded by	Morarji Desai
Succeeded by	Yashwantrao Chavan
Minister of Defence
In office 24 March 1977 – 1 July 1978
Prime Minister	Morarji Desai
Preceded by	Sardar Swaran Singh
Succeeded by	Sardar Swaran Singh
In office 27 June 1970 – 10 October 1974
Prime Minister	Indira Gandhi
Preceded by	Bansi Lal
Succeeded by	Chidambaram Subramaniam
Personal details
Born	5 April 1908 Chandwa, Bhojpur District, Bihar, British Raj (now India)
Died	6 July 1986 (aged 78)
Political party	Indian National Congress-Jagjivan (1981–1986)
Other political affiliations	Indian National Congress (Before 1977) Congress for Democracy (1977) Janata Party (1977–1981)
Children	Suresh Meira
Alma mater	Banaras Hindu University University of Calcutta

Babu Jagjivan Ram (Hindi: बाबू जगजीवन राम) (5 April 1908 – 6 July 1986), known popularly as Babuji, was a freedom fighter and a social reformer hailing from the scheduled castes of Bihar in India. He was from the Chamar caste and was a leader for his community. He was instrumental in foundation of the 'All-India Depressed Classes League', an organisation dedicated to attaining equality for untouchables, in 1935 and was elected to Bihar Legislative Assembly in 1937, that is when he organised, rural labour movement.

Babu Jagjivan Ram National Foundation was established on 14th March, 2008 as an autonomous body under the Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment, in the memory of Babu Jagjivan Ramji, to propagate his ideology and philosophy of life and missions, his vision to create a casteless and classless society, eradication of untouchabality and continuous struggle for achieving social justice for the dalit, downtrodden and weaker sections who do not get ample opportunities to stand up and lead a dignified life in the society. It is a Registered Society under the Societies Registration Act 1860 with one time corpus grant of Rs. 50 crores. It is located at Jeevan Prakash Building, 9th Floor, K.G. Marg, New Delhi-110001.The main Aims and Objects of the Foundation are as under:-

• To propagate the ideology and philosophy of life and mission of Babu Jagjivan Ram.
• To collect, acquire, maintain and preserve the personal papers and other historical material pertaining to Babu Jagjivan Ram.
• To encourage and promote study and research on his life and work.
• To publish, sell and distribute books, papers, pamphlets and information in pursuance of the objectives of the Foundation.
• To acquire, preserve and protect places connected with him and raise memorials.
• To propagate his ideals and memory through print and electronic media by promoting artists belonging to dalit community who are not getting ample opportunity to come up.
• To encourage and promote dalit artists through specially designed development schemes for their social, cultural, educational and economic development.
• To implement special schemes for removal of untouchability and caste based prejudices in the society.
• To undertake and implement various, schemes and programmes assigned from time to time by the Central and State Govts.
• To organize birth and death anniversaries and other commemorative events of the life of Babu Jagjivan Ram.

 

B.J.R. Institute of Law Bundelkhand University

B.J.R. Institute of Law Bundelkhand University

B.J.R. Institute of Law Bundelkhand University

Freedom Fighters

 

Bhagat Singh

 

Date of birth: September 27, 1907

Place of birth: Lyallpur, Punjab, British India

Date of death: March 23, 1931

Place of death: Lahore, Punjab, British India

Movement: Indian Independence movement

Major organizations: Naujawan Bharat Sabha, Kirti Kissan Party and Hindustan

Socialist Republican Association

Religion: Sikhism (early life), Atheist (later life)

Influences Anarchism, Communism, Socialism

                                                                

                                                        
                                                              Shivaram Rajguru

Date of birth: August 24, 1908

Place of birth: Maharashtra

Date of death: March 23, 1931

Place of death: Lahore, Punjab, British India

Movement: Indian Independence movement

Chander Shekhar Azad

Date of birth: July 23, 1906

Date of death: February 27, 1931,


Place of birth: Bhavra, Jhabua District, Madhya Pradesh, India

Place of death: Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India

Movement: Indian Independence movement

Major organizations: Naujawan Bharat Sabha, Kirti Kissan Party and Hindustan Socialist Republican Association

An Introduction to Indian History

An Introduction to Indian History

The Indus valley civilization saw its genesis in the holy land now known as India around 2500 BC. The people inhabiting the Indus River valley were thought to be Dravidians, whose descendants later migrated to the south of India. The deterioration of this civilization that developed a culture based on commerce and sustained by agricultural trade can be attributed to ecological changes. The second millennium BC was witness to the migration of the bucolic Aryan tribes from the North West frontier into the sub continent. These tribes gradually merged with their antecedent cultures to give birth to a new milieu.

The Aryan tribes soon started penetrating the east, flourishing along the Ganga and Yamuna Rivers. By 500 BC, the whole of northern India was a civilized land where people had knowledge of iron implements and worked as labor, voluntarily or otherwise. The early political map of India comprised of copious independent states with fluid boundaries, with increasing population and abundance of wealth fueling disputes over these boundaries.

Unified under the famous Gupta Dynasty, the north of India touched the skies as far as administration and the Hindu religion were concerned. Little wonder then, that it is considered to be India’s golden age. By 600 BC, approximately sixteen dynasties ruled the north Indian plains spanning the modern day Afghanistan to Bangladesh. Some of the most powerful of them were the dynasties ruling the kingdoms of Magadha, Kosla, Kuru and Gandhara.

Known to be the land of epics and legends, two of the world’s greatest epics find their birth in Indian settings - the Ramayana, depicting the exploits of lord Ram, and the Mahabharta detailing the war between Kauravas and Pandavas, both descendants of King Bharat. Ramayana traces lord Ram’s journey from exile to the rescue of his wife Sita from the demonic clutches of Ravana with the help of his simian companions. Singing the virtues of Dharma(duty), the Gita, one of the most priced scriptures in Indian Mythology, is the advice given by Shri Krishna to the grief laden Arjun, who is terrified at the thought of killing his kin, on the battle ground. 

Mahatma Gandhi revived these virtues again, breathing new life in them, during India’s freedom struggle against British Colonialism. An ardent believer in communal harmony, he dreamt of a land where all religions would be the threads to form a rich social fabric.

Other good resources for History of India